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Contraception related reviews

• General

  • Methods

    • Any method vs any other method

  • Management

    • Counselling

    • Timing ( interval/antenatal/postnatal/postabortion )

    • Materials used ( direct counselling, information )

    • Prescription policies (over-the-counter, healthworkers )

    • Preprescription screening ( e.g. hypertension, cervical cancer, clotting defects etc )

    • Compliance improvement

      • [R] Strategies to improve adherence and acceptability of hormonal methods for contraception

• Combined oral contraceptives methods

  • Methods

    • Other effects: bone

      • [P] Steroidal contraceptives: effect on bone fractures in women

    • Type of estrogen

    • Dose of estrogen

      • [R] 20 mcg versus >20 mcg Estrogen combined oral contraceptives for contraception

    • Type of progestogen

      • [R] Progestogens in combined oral contraceptives for contraception

    • Dose of progestogen

    • Mono- vs, biphasics vs, triphasics vs sequential

      • [R] Biphasic versus monophasic oral contraceptives for contraception

      • [R] Biphasic versus triphasic oral contraceptives for contraception

      • [P] Triphasic versus monophasic oral contraceptives for contraception.

    • Administration

      • [R] Continuous or extended cycle versus cyclic use of combined oral contraceptives for contraception

      • [R] Skin patch and vaginal ring versus combined oral contraceptives for contraception

    • Other effects: acne

      • [R] Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne

  • Management

    • Prescription policies ( over-the-counter, healthworkers )

    • Preprescription screening ( e.g. hypertension, cervical cancer, clotting defects etc )

    • Management of side effects: weight

      • [R] Combination contraceptives: effects on weight

• Combined injectables

  • Methods

    • [R] Combination injectable contraceptives for contraception

    • [P] Depot medroxyprogesterone versus Norethisterone oenanthate for long-acting progestogenic contraception.

• Progestogen only contraceptive methods

  • Methods

    • Long acting: implantables

      • [P] Subdermal implantable contraceptives versus other forms of reversible contraceptives as effective methods of preventing pregnancy

    • Injectable progestogen

    • Other effects: bone

      • [P] Steroidal contraceptives: effect on bone fractures in women

    • Progestogen only pills

      • [P] Treatment of vaginal bleeding irregularities induced by progestin only contraceptives

  • Management

    • Prescription policies ( over-the-counter, healthworkers )

    • Preprescription screening ( e.g. hypertension, cervical cancer, clotting defects etc )

    • Management of side effects
       

• Intrauterine devices

  • Methods

    • Inert

    • Copper

      • [P] Copper containing intra-uterine devices for contraception

      • [R] Frameless versus classical intrauterine device for contraception

      • [R] Hormonally impregnated intrauterine systems (IUSs) versus other forms of reversible contraceptives as effective methods of preventing pregnancy

    • Hormonally impregnated

      • [R] Hormonally impregnated intrauterine systems (IUSs) versus other forms of reversible contraceptives as effective methods of preventing pregnancy

    • Frameless

      • [R] Frameless versus classical intrauterine device for contraception

  • Management

    • Timing of insertion: postpartum; postabortum

      • [R] Immediate post-partum insertion of intrauterine devices

      • [R] Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices

    • Routine antibiotics use for IUD insertion

      • [R] Antibiotic prophylaxis for intrauterine contraceptive device insertion

    • Screening for STDs before IUD insertion

    • Management of side effects

      • [P] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for heavy bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine-device use
         

• Barrier methods

  • Methods

    • Condoms ( male/female )

      • [R] Non-latex versus latex male condoms for contraception

    • Spermicides

      • [R] Diaphragm versus diaphragm with spermicides for contraception

      • [R] Spermicide used alone for contraception

    • Diaphragm

      • [R] Cervical cap versus diaphragm for contraception

      • [R] Diaphragm versus diaphragm with spermicides for contraception

      • [R] Sponge versus diaphragm for contraception

    • Cervical caps

      • [R] Cervical cap versus diaphragm for contraception

    • Sponge

      • [R] Sponge versus diaphragm for contraception

  • Management

    • Information/promotion

      • [P - Withdrawn] Strategies for increasing concurrent barrier use among women using oral contraceptives

• Natural Methods

  • Methods

    • Lactational amenorrhea method

      • [R] Lactational amenorrhea for family planning

    • Periodic abstinence

      • [R] Fertility awareness-based methods for contraception

  • Management

    • Information
       

• Female sterilisation

  • Methods

    • Abdominal entry methods

      • [R] Minilaparotomy and endoscopic techniques for tubal sterilisation

    • Techniques

      • [R] Techniques for the interruption of tubal patency for female sterilisation

    • Anaesthetic methods

  • Management

    • Information/counselling/consent

    • Postoperative pain relief

• Male contraceptive methods

  • Methods

    • Mechanical

      • [P] Scalpel versus no scalpel incision for vasectomy

      • [R] Vasectomy occlusion techniques for male sterilization

    • Hormonal

      • [R] Steroid hormones for contraception in men

    • Immunological

  • Management

    • Information/counselling
       

• Emergency contraception

  • Methods

    • Estrogen/progestogen

      • [R] Interventions for emergency contraception

    • Progestogen only

      • [R] Interventions for emergency contraception

    • Estrogen only

      • [R] Interventions for emergency contraception

    • Antiprogestogen

      • [R] Interventions for emergency contraception

    • IUD

  • Management

    • Prescription policies ( over-the-counter, medical prescription, school nurses )

      • [P] Advance provision of emergency contraception for pregnancy prevention

    • Counselling/information ( leaflets, peers etc )

    • Management of side effects
       

• Contraception in people with specific characteristics or history of:

  • Diabetes or other endocrinological disorders

    • [P] Hormonal versus non-hormonal contraceptives in women with diabetes mellitus

  • Hypertension

  • Thromboembolic disease

  • Gynaecological cancer

  • Nulliparity

  • Sexworkers

    • [P - Withdrawn] Strategies for increasing concurrent barrier use among women using oral contraceptives

  • Smokers

  • Perimenopausal

  • Adolescents

    • [P] Interventions for preventing unintended pregnancies among adolescents

  • Previous history of STD

  • Postpartum

    • [R] Education for contraceptive use by women after childbirth

  • During lactation

    • [R] Combined hormonal versus nonhormonal versus progestin-only contraception in lactation

Abortion related reviews

• First and second trimester induced abortion

  • General

    • Methods

      • Any method vs any other method

    • Management issues related to abortion

      • Counselling and information

      • Routine antibiotic use

        • [P] Antibiotic prophylaxis for medical and surgical first-trimester induced abortion

        • [R] Antibiotics for incomplete abortion

      • Routine oxytocics use

      • Ultrasound ( routine/dates ), ( before/after )

      • Contraceptive use ( immediate vs delayed/type )

      • Routine counselling by psychiatrists

  • Medical vs medical methods

    • Methods

      • Type, dose, route of administration of medical used

        • [R] Medical methods for first trimester abortion

        • [P] Medical methods for mid-trimester termination of pregnancy

    • Management

      • Analgesia used ( during/after )

      • Contraceptive use after ( timing, type)

      • Hospital vs home administration

      • Reduction in vaginal bleeding

      • New topic

  • Medical vs surgical methods

    • Methods

      • Type, dose, route of administration of medical methods

        • [R] Medical versus surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy

      • Type of surgical method ( aspiration, D&C )

        • [R] Medical versus surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy

    • Management

      • Anaeasthesia used

      • Analgesia used ( during/after )

  • Surgical vs surgical

    • Methods

      • Vacuum aspiration

        • [R] Surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy

      • D&C

        • [R] Surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy

      • Combined

        • [R] Surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy

      • Manual vacuum aspiration

        • [R] Surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy

      • Ultrasound guided evacuation

        • [R] Surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy

    • Management

      • Anaesthesia used

      • Analgesia used ( during/after )

      • Office vs hospital

      • Routine antibiotics

      • Antibiotic use ( route/dose/type/duration of antibiotic )

      • Cervical ripening ( type/route of administration/dose/timing

      • Oxytocics use ( during/after )